the rule of law. The Magna Carta, also known as The Great Charter, was issued by King John of England in 1215 following disputes with his barons. The charter comprises a preamble and a series of clauses addressing various aspects of governance, legal rights, and the powers of the monarchy. Key provisions emphasize the protection of church rights, the assertion of justice for free men, the requirements for lawful taxation, and specific legal procedures for trials. Importantly, it establishes the principle that no one, including the king, is above the law, and it empowers a group of barons to ensure that the charter is upheld. This document has had a lasting impact, forming the basis for many legal systems and influencing democratic ideals worldwide. (This is an automatically generated summary.)